The Potential Misuse of Genetic Engineering and Cloning

Human’s wisdom has not yet caught up to their capability in science and technology. Genetics are being experimented which could alter human evolution. This technology, genetic alteration, is close to being used by the public. Cloning is a form of genetic alteration and experimentation. More legislation should be passed to further restrict genetic experimentation due to the possible misuses of the technology. There are many different forms of cloning. There is cloning in nature which helps with farming and has been around for thousands of year. The cloning of animals and humans is another form. The first cloned animals were created by Hans Driesch in the late 1800s. His goal was to prove that genetic material is not lost during cell division. While testing sea-urchins, the results ended up with two identical sea urchins. There were no major advances in cloning until November of 1951, when Robert Briggs cloned a frog embryo. We now have the technological advancements to clone a human being. Nuclear transfer is how most of cloning is done. It is the introduction of the nucleus from a cell into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed. This can be accomplished through fusion of the cell to the egg or through the direct removal of the nucleus from the cell and the subsequent transplantation of that nucleus into the egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed. Genetic engineering is not completely a bad thing. Humans and animals are not the only thing that can beShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving and reviewing this paper. Finally I would like to thank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the processRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesare against cloning would most likely look the other way if they needed gene therapy after receiving a grim diagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking into each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in this controversy that must be defined are the following: recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and the humane genome project. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material byRead MoreDouble-Edged Sword1678 Words   |  7 Pagesevolution to a whole new level—one that is closer to its culmination. They were able to discover the amazing ability of defying nature and manipulating those which holds the code to the individual characteristics of every living organism: genes. Genetic engineering, or gene manipulation, was once but a very popular element of science fictions and films; now, it has been lifted off the pages and television screens, and has become a reality that can actually help humanity overcome many of its imperfectionsRead MoreThe technique of gene cloning has important applications in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and research.1171 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The technique of gene cloning has important applications in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and research. Discuss two applications of this technique, which in your opinion, have had significant impact on society. Gene cloning is achieved by inserting a required gene into a vector DNA. This produces Recombinant DNA and when introduced to a host cell the vector is copied. It divides to produce lots of copies of the gene of interest (Willey, Sherwood and Woolverton, 2012). There are many applicationsRead MoreThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. Advancements in this field has expanded family options significantly with the advent of reproductive technologies such as in vetro fertilization, embryo transplant, and varying genetic testing and screening (Finsterbusch, 2008). However, what drives humanity to want to modify humankind? Should there be limits placed on these modifications? AndRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past three decades, scientists have learned how to mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called â€Å"genetic engineering.† Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methodsRead MoreEssay about Human Genome1485 Words   |  6 Pages GENOME PROJECT Adam and Eve were doomed for trying to be like god, this is the same damnation mankind is headed to. Everyone’s dream is to have absolute power and control of everything. The genome project and DNA engineering gives man the ability to create life and cu omize life to his specific needs of likes. So how good is too good? Man’s ability to make life or create perfect human beings so they can be in a state of Utopia will disturb the balance of nature. Every individual, every childRead MoreThe Future Of Genetic Modification Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagespolicy-oriented in nature, but rather scientific: the future of genetic modification. Policy is the bridge between the status quo and the future we desire while science is the plans and surveying involved with creating an effective, purposeful bridge. No one likes a rickety bridge that sways precariously in the wind or, perhaps worse, a grand bridge to nowhere. The kind of engineering needed for our policy bridges of the future is genetic in nature. Gene editing used to be a relatively painful and laboriousRead More The Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay2511 Words   |  11 PagesOutline I. Thesis statement: The benefits of genetic engineering far outweigh its potential for misuse. II. Genetic Engineering A. Definition of Genetic Engineering. (#6) B. Who invented Genetic Engineering Gregor Mendel (Christopher Lampton #7) Thomas Hunt Morgan (Christopher Lampton #7) III. Benefits of Genetic Engineering A. Genetic Screening (Laurence E. Karp #4) B. Gene Therapy (Renato Dulbecco #6) C. Cloning D. Genetic Surgery (Christopher Lampton #7) E. Benefits in AgricultureRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Uncertain Future2161 Words   |  9 PagesGenetics: The Uncertain Future Is Near Janio A Perez Rutgers Newark SN EOF August 1st, 2014 Abstract Genetic engineering is looked as a future technology but the future is fast approaching. There are many benefits of genetic engineering, such as curing diseases and creating a more intelligent population, but there are also dangers of genetic engineering, such as disrupting the human genome, and creating more social imbalance. Genetic engineering has been tested and proven to be effective in repairing

Poverty Minimum Wage and Economical Unstable Childhood Free Essays

College Essay Carlos Urias 9/1/2011 Robert Leighton once stated, â€Å"Poverty keeps the vision pure. † I fully understand and can relate to this quote as it pertains to my life. Exposure to economic difficulties at a young age helped shape the person I would grow up to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty: Minimum Wage and Economical Unstable Childhood or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being economically troubled is an experience that has changed my character and has stimulated the decisions I have made throughout my life. Through the hardships of living an economical unstable childhood I have learned to embrace opportunities, the importance of perseverance, and become a charitable person. The cause for being at an economic disadvantage can be traced back to when my parents immigrated to the United States. Because my parents were immigrants, they had no documentation and had to work vigorous hours for minimum wage. They moved into California, and this is where I was born. We lived in a poor neighborhood and there was only enough money for the things we needed and not for what we wanted. Rising rent prices and minimum salaries were among the contributing factors that led to my family struggling to stay economically stable. My parents had to each get multiple jobs to try and make us enough money to proceed on living here. The lack of money resulted in problems at home, work, and the neighborhood. Alongside my family, although just a child, I also suffered the consequences of living in these conditions. Because we were living like this, I witnessed a lot of violence, hate, and many hard times. I understood that we were at a disadvantage and learned from my experiences as I witnessed how my family tried to cope with all the problems. Although there was not any money to throw around, I learned many valuable lessons from my family, my environment, and the situations we were living in. As a result of having an economically unstable childhood, I have learned to embrace opportunities. When my family and I were living under the economic pressures of California, it was clear to me that we did not have opportunities of any kind open to us. It is because of this that we were living the way we were. As I grew older, I realized that there were so many opportunities for me and the options were limitless. Because I remember the hard times in which I came from, I do not take this for granted and take advantage of every beneficial opportunity that is presented to me. My experiences taught me that not everyone has opportunities available to them and the ones that do should be thankful and not take it for granted. These hard economic times led me to see the importance of having perseverance. I admired the way my parents would work so hard day after day and their hopes and dreams would never be crushed. I realized that you cannot give up on what you desire the most. As a child, I always told myself I would pull us out off the hard times; however, I had no idea how. I know now that the key is perseverance. I also understand now that having perseverance helps you keep pushing forward and makes you never question your goal, but instead keep striving for it. Without perseverance we never would have gotten through the economic troubles and the conflicts that came along with that. Lastly, being economically unstable has shaped me into the charitable person I am today. As a kid I came to understand that many people did not have everything they wanted and that they too faced extremely hard times and struggled to live. Because I can relate, I have sympathy towards everyone who lives in those conditions, or even worse than that. My childhood showed me that there are some things you have no control over and sometimes living in poverty is one of them. For this reason, I try to help as much as I can and extend my hand to those who need it the most. Living in an economically unstable childhood helped me to appreciate opportunities that may rise, realize the importance of perseverance, and become a helpful person towards the needy. Taking into consideration that not everyone has the opportunities that are available to me, I take advantage of them. Perseverance is needed to harness these opportunities and make the most out of them. Because I know where I have come from, I know where I am going. How to cite Poverty: Minimum Wage and Economical Unstable Childhood, Essay examples

IT Stakeholder Engagement in comparative Effectiveness †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the IT Stakeholder Engagement. Answer: Introduction: The stakeholder engagement is the method in which people are involved in any organization. They are affected through the decision makings (Wilhite and Pyrz 2017). Every deliverables of the project are undermined in those fields that contain deficient stakeholder commitment. The potential stakeholders are required to be understood and studied at the University of South Australia. The paper discusses the strategies of the important sections identified. In addition to the conclusion, recommendations are made with action scheduling. The identified strategies: The engaging of stakeholders at the University of South Australia has been a continuous evolving practice. It has concluded with some queries about the stakeholder engagement in the future (Henisz, Dorobantu and Nartey 2014). The cloud tools has originated as a rising cost-effective and credible solution for every problem. The University of South Australia has been interacting huge quantities of the other entities. Now, the question arises here is that how could compete requests could be incorporated in an overall cohesive strategy. The quantity and diversities of the groups of stakeholders has been a huge challenge for the university. The cloud-work-spaces have made it simpler to control the activities of stakeholders. This is done by delivering a core hub for every announcements, consultations and conversation exercises (MacLennan et al. 2017). By collaborating with the clouds, the organizations do not require to choose various instruments or channels of communication for engaging in various groups. On the other hand, they are able to build particular spaces for work for specific issues or projects. They are further able to send invitation the necessary people or groups for giving contribution when needed. Thus the load to collaborate with huge space with a huge scale of stakeholders could be highly reduced (Cooper, Parkes and Blewitt 2014). However, each activity has been retaining their purpose and focuses. The next query arises regarding the capturing of data streaming in the university. Further the distillation of the data to the node trends and developing planning around them are to be determined. Each of the cloud collaborations do not possess tools to have the analysis of built-in data and functions reporting. These have been best suited for the stakeholders engagement activities. This is due to the fact they have been enabling the users in shaping and refining the strategies of engagement. These have been lying on the basis on the information built through each interaction. Reports should be created by organizing that information in graph and other forms. This indicates that the information collected from the stakeholders utilizing the questionnaires within the instrument could be assessed and then formatted for the presentation in this instrument (Cote and Osborne 2017). Hence, there has been no requirement for any distinct reporting software. The capturing of data and reporting of functions has also made it linear to control the usage patterns, So it could be clearly seen when and how the stakeholders have been interacting with the working space. The stakeholders possess the ways to challenge the strategies almost in an instant manner. Further the last query arises regarding the managing the strategy in that dynamic environment. The clod has been providing scopes for the organizations to become agile. This has helped in moving quickly and responding immediately as latest problems arise. Thats why the cloud computing has been useful for the organizations for supporting the plans of stakeholder engagement (Concannon et al. 2014). They have been aware that extra resources would be available in the clouds just after the project priorities alter. This could also occur as any unexpected spike in the demand take places. The online workplaces have been largely adaptable due to the fact they have been designed to back-up the agile organizations. This indicates that they have been created to suit the call of the fast-changing and the dynamic environments of working. The users could be deploy and repurpose the cloud workplaces very fast. This is done as a move for the project going by various phases. This is done instead of installing ad selecting and training people to utilize various instances of software every time (Padayachee, Naidu and Waspe 2015). For instance a common procurement exercise could be taken as the example. A huge range of the stakeholders has been likely been included. Everybody should have various interest levels. They should influence and engage according to the stages of their project. The online workplaces could bring the stakeholders altogether. They could also strongly manage permission to access. This leads in assuring that no private and secret information has been shared in any place where it has not been expected (Osman et al. 2016). However, there is no necessity to reapply or replicate the precautions of security around various channels and platforms. The bidders at the first phase of the workplace could be reutilized to any shared zone for negotiations at final contract. This is to be again applied to the area of project management or the client portal for supporting delivery. As the stakeholder engagement project is started the map for the stakeholders are to be drawn. This should display the groups to collaborate with, consult and inform. This must be based on the effective levels of interests and influence. The first group comprises of the group to be informed with minimum effort. The techniques to maximize the awareness among the stakeholders in this case are using of the public web pages, RSS feeds, YouTube channel, Twitter, Facebook and other social media and lastly the quick polls (Bonsn and Ratkai 2013). The next group is those who must be consulted and shown the consideration for the views. The channels allowing collecting and quickly assessing feedbacks from any quantity of stakeholders in minimum cost are the online surveys and ideation. It also includes formal consultations, discussion forums, and discussion forums. The third group comprises of those are been collaborated for close partnerships. The object here is to inform, then consult and then collaborate. The effective relationships for working with the primary stakeholders groups are securing the file-sharing workplaces, team management and task management. The sharing of team diaries, wikis, documenting the co-authoring a nd risk registering could be also done. The last group is those who are meant for engaging and keeping satisfied. There objective is to informing and consulting. This category of stakeholders could become very powerful influencers (Rinaldi, Unerman and Tilt 2014). However, the using of digital techniques and channels are required as they have very low interest potentially. The methods are meant to target the messages such that they deliver address and contexts particular issues that have been interesting them. The techniques include the issue registering, reviewing of document, and alerting the targets, updating data, links to the articles, project blogs and stakeholder database. Recommendations and the action plan: As some overlaps are found, some categories of pathways would help in engaging with the stakeholders in few ways. Through the understanding the categories it becomes easier to make choice of the software packages to provide the digital ways required. A closer look at them is recommended below: The recommendations: Channels of Social media: They are free in using and could be controlled from their individual sites. A wide range of the third-party software could be used to manage the accounts. Publishing platforms: The popular and common options for the blogs and websites consist of plenty of free software. They also have the RSS feeds created in them. There have been numerous proprietary solutions that could be adjusted according to requirements. File sharing: It is a simple approach to exchange spreadsheets, images and documents. As any sharing of file needed with the stakeholders, on the basis if different locations, a cloud-based solution of file sharing is recommended (Gesell et al. 2017). Consultative channels: There are many ways that enables to counsel with partners, including the web overviews, authority e-interview programming, discourse gatherings, surveys and so on. The Action plan: The feedback of community on the measure of mitigation would be reviewed for better understanding of the problems. The feedback should be further investigated by discussing with the stakeholders. The feedback must also go through the analysis of technical monitoring, data collection and field investigations (Roberts et al. 2017). After following the investigations, recommendations are to be made to the manager about the proper action course. As required, the action plans could be upgraded and then communicated with the university staffs to implement. Conclusion: It has become a cult for the organizations to compete that to tick the box rather than to endeavor the understanding of stakeholder engagement. The stakeholder management also put impact on the decision implementation. The engagement of stakeholders is a crucial functionality for the project managers. The managers charged by the stakeholder management have been feeling pressure in dealing with this. The digital channels have brought important advantages for the stakeholder engagement. This has permitted the organizations in consulting, informing, engaging and collaborating in variety of ways. Once the basis of the stakeholder engagement is mastered, it is crucial to make appreciation of the ever-altering characteristics of the practice. References: Bonsn, E. and Ratkai, M., 2013. A set of metrics to assess stakeholder engagement and social legitimacy on a corporate Facebook page.Online Information Review,37(5), pp.787-803. Concannon, T.W., Fuster, M., Saunders, T., Patel, K., Wong, J.B., Leslie, L.K. and Lau, J., 2014. A systematic review of stakeholder engagement in comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research.Journal of general internal medicine,29(12), pp.1692-1701. Cooper, S., Parkes, C. and Blewitt, J., 2014. Can accreditation help a leopard change its spots? Social accountability and stakeholder engagement in business schools.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(2), pp.234-258. Cote, J. and Osborne, P., 2017. The value of stakeholder engagement in a long term scientific research program in Puget Sound. Gesell, S.B., Klein, K.P., Halladay, J., Bettger, J.P., Freburger, J., Cummings, D.M., Lutz, B.J., Coleman, S., Bushnell, C., Rosamond, W. and Duncan, P.W., 2017. Methods guiding stakeholder engagement in planning a pragmatic study on changing stroke systems of care.Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, pp.1-8. Glover, J. (2017). Digital stakeholder engagement software - what are the options?. [online] Cloud-collaboration.kahootz.com. Available at: https://cloud-collaboration.kahootz.com/digital-stakeholder-engagement-software-what-are-the-options [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Henisz, W.J., Dorobantu, S. and Nartey, L.J., 2014. Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement.Strategic Management Journal,35(12), pp.1727-1748. MacLennan, S.J., MacLennan, S., Bex, A., Catto, J.W., De Santis, M., Glaser, A.W., Ljungberg, B., NDow, J., Plass, K., Trapero-Bertran, M. and Van Poppel, H., 2017. Changing Current Practice in Urology: Improving Guideline Development and Implementation Through Stakeholder Engagement. Osman, O., Mey, S.S.C., Ibrahim, K., Hassan, H.A., Ghazali, M. and Koshy, K.C., 2016. The role of solution-oriented knowledge transfer programme and networking in charting a new course in University-Stakeholder Engagement. InEngaging stakeholders in education for sustainable development at University level(pp. 243-262). Springer International Publishing. Padayachee, A.D., Naidu, A. and Waspe, T., 2015. Structure and governance of systems, stakeholder engagement, roles and powers.Twenty Years of Education Transformation in Gauteng 1994 to 2014. Rinaldi, L., Unerman, J. and Tilt, C., 2014. The role of stakeholder engagement and dialogue within the sustainability accounting and reporting process.Sustainability accounting and accountability, pp.86-107. Roberts, C., Lavery, C., Nicholls, N., Jain, M., Hendriksz, C.J., Upadhyaya, S. and Jessop, E., 2017. Multi-stakeholder engagement leading to access to treatment for MPS IVA (Morquio syndrome type A), a model for the ultra rare disease community.Molecular Genetics and Metabolism,120(1), p.S115. Service Innovation Design. (2017). Engaging stakeholders in the designing of a service: a case study in the B2B service context. [online] Available at: https://sidlaurea.com/2013/03/21/engaging-stakeholders-in-the-designing-of-a-service-a-case-study-in-the-b2b-service-context/ [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Wilhite, R. and Pyrz, J., 2017. Engaging Stakeholder Engagement.

Trail Of Tears Essays - Cherokee Nation, Trail Of Tears, Choctaw

Trail Of Tears Within United States History, there has been some horrible discrimination upon certain races of people. At the trail of tears native Americans were persecuted against heavily. Until 1828 the federal government had Cherokee rights to their land and in that same year Andrew Jackson was elected president and this all ended. On September 15, 1830, at Little Dancing Rabbit Creek, the Chiefs of tribes and representatives of the United States met to discuss a bill recently passed by the Congress. This day started with all the same good intentions of those today but ended with only a few Native Americans signing the treaty which allowing for the removal of all Indian peoples to the west of the Mississippi River. ( Brill, The Trail of tears: The Cherokee journey from home.) The Choctaw were told that the Americans in Washington cared little for the situation. They wanted the Choctaw moved on their own, or by military force. The Indians were believed to be ignorant savages, but they were industrious farmers, merchants, and businessmen of all types. Some were educated people, many were Christians. They even had an organized system of government and a codified body of law. Some of these people were not even Indians, some were strangers and orphans had been taken in over the years. These were people who did not deserve what they went through. When the Chiefs and Warriors signed the treaty, they had come to the realization that they had no option. For doing this the government officials guaranteed to the Indians the body of the treaty, safe conveyance to our new homes. (You cannot forget that in this treaty, the Choctaw traded 10.3 million acres of land east of the Mississippi for 10.3 acres in Oklahoma and Arkansas that we already owned under previous treaties.) Further, it included provisions and monetary annuities, to assist the people to make a new start. One half of the people were to depart almost immediately, the rest the next year. On March 27, 1838, congress did not accept the request for the relief of the Cherokee. Many then saw their land and property sold before their own eyes. The conveyances promised turn out to be a forced march. it was said that ...seven thousand soldiers swooped over the nation causing the Cherokees to suffer greatly and also the troops were ordered To use guns and swords if necessary to punish any Cherokee who tried to hide. (Brill, 43) At the point of a gun, the pace killed many of the old, exposure and bad food killed most. Spoiled beef and vegetables are poor provisions, Many walked the entire distance without shoes, barely clothed. It is told that, Hateful soldiers prodded and kicked the old and sick on their march to the camps. Those who were too weak to keep up were left by the road without food to recover or die. Soldiers pricked friends and family with bayonets to keep them from turning back to help (Brill, 45). These horrid conditions are what the Indians had to deal with. Th e supplies that were given had been rejected by the Americans. One person complained my feet are blistered and on my back is a read and blue backpack of fifty pounds (Ellis). The government cannot be blamed fully, nearly all of this was done by men that were interested only in making profits. They government's really is just wrong for not watching over the whole deal. Many of the old and the children died on the road. At each allowed stop, the dead were buried. Hearing of this many escaped. They knew that as they signed the rolls, to be removed, that they were signing their own death warrants( Brill, 42) . They hid in places that no one would travel to look for them (i.e., Swamps, hills). But as this horror occurred those in charge just reported their peaceful progress. (Ellis, walking the trial: one man's journey along the Cherokee trail of tears.) Some marching claimed to be Black Dutch, Spanish, Creole, or Black. These people were accepted by neither the Americans or the papered. Many others who had to march fled to Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana. The fertile

A Dolls House Essays - Films, British Films, A Dolls House

A Doll's House Essays - Films, British Films, A Dolls House A Doll's House Becoming Independent Throughout A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen illustrates through an intriguing story how a once infantile-like woman gains independence and a life of her own. Ibsen creates a naturalistic drama that demonstrates how on the outside Nora and Torvald seam to have it all, but in reality their life together is empty. Instead of meaningful discussions, Torvald uses degrading pet names and meaningless talk to relate to Nora. Continuing to treat Nora like a pampered yet unimportant pet, Torvald thoroughly demonstrates how men of his era treat women as insignificant items to be possessed and shown off. While the Helmer household may have the appearance of being sociably acceptable, the marriage of Torvald and Nora was falling apart because of the lack of identity, love, and communication. Nora Helmer was a delicate character and she relied on Torvald for her identity. This dependence that she had kept her from having her own personality. Yet when it is discovered that Nora only plays the part of the good typical housewife who stays at home to please her husband, it is then understandable that she is living not for herself but to please others. From early childhood Nora has always held the opinions of either her father or Torvald, hoping to please them. This mentality makes her act infantile, showing that she has no ambitions of her own. Because she had been pampered all of her life, first by her father and now by Torvald, Nora would only have to make a cute animal sound to get what she wanted from Torvald, If your little squirrel were to ask you for something very, very, prettily (Ibsen 34) she said. Through their everyday conversation, Nora and Torvald reveal that they have a relationship full of meaningless talk and games. Is that my little squirrel bustling about? (2), Torvald questions Nora. Yes! (2) She answers, running up to Torvald like a puppy. Because of her whimsical attitude, Torvald had assumed that Nora was always happy and carefree, so what reason would there be for meaningful conversation? Their relationship consisted of nothing truly real. Everything was fun and games and for show. Torvald scolded Nora like he would a child, Hasnt Mrs. Sweet Tooth been breaking rules today in town (4). Then, Nora would respond as a young child would facing punishment, I should not think of going against your wishes (4). This type of communications cannot be healthy in any relationship, and greatly hindered the relationship between the two. Finally, when Nora realized that they needed to seriously converse the timing was too late, We have been married eight years now. Does this not occur to you that this is the first time that we two, you and I, husband and wife, have had a serious conversation? (66) The Helmers didnt communicate feeling through their relationship nor did they communicate love. Torvald did give Nora gifts of money but he did not give her the respect and devotion she, as well as any wife, needs. Torvald did love the idea of having a wife, but he did not sincerely love Nora. Yet Nora did believe that he loved her, and showed through her feelings of expectance of Torvald to sacrifice himself, when she would be accused of her crime. Yet, when she discovered that Torvald really didnt love her she stated, You have never love me. You have only thought it to be pleasant to be in love with me (66). She then knew that he only viewed her as a problem, and that her marriage was meaningless. You have destroyed all of my happiness. You have ruined all my future. It is horribleI must sink to such miserable depths because of a thoughtless woman! (62). The ending of Nora and Torvalds marriage was inevitable. A true couple cannot connect when love and communication are absent, and without these vital necessities a marriage is empty. Nora and Torvald had to learn this before they could commit themselves to any human being. Nora had to understand that she could not rely on Torvald for her identity the rest of her life, and Torvald too had to understand that Nora was a person and he had

Famous Celebrity Trials and Court Cases

Famous Celebrity Trials and Court Cases Even the rich and famous can find themselves in trouble with the law. Being a celebrity in the United States does not protect you from the pursuit of justice. Nor does it protect you from becoming a crime victim. These stories give the timeline of criminal investigations and trials of cases involving celebrities. Some of the cases are closed and adjudicated, while others are still on-going. The Death of Michael Jackson On June 25, 2009, less than a month before he was scheduled to begin a series of comeback concerts, paramedics were called to Michael Jacksons rented home in Holby Hills near Los Angeles where they found him unconscious and not responding. The Trial of Michael Jackson Pop singer Michael Jackson faced charges of conspiracy to commit child abduction, false imprisonment and extortion, three counts of committing lewd acts upon a child, attempted lewd acts upon a child, and four counts of administering intoxicating agents to assist in the commission of a felony. The Legal Saga of O.J. Simpson On Sept. 13, 2007, Simpson and four other men entered a Las Vegas casino hotel room where some of his sports memorabilia were being offered for sale by two collectors. Police arrested O.J. Simpson on kidnapping and armed robbery charges. The Robert Blake Case Robert Blake faced trial for the murder of Bonny Lee Bakley and soliciting two other men to kill her. Bakley, 44, was shot to death on May 4, 2001, as she sat in Blakes sports car behind a restaurant where the couple had just dined. The Phil Spector Case Legendary rock and roll music producer Phil Spector was charged with the fatal shooting of former actress Lana Clarkston Feb. 3, 2003, at his Los Angeles mansion. The Jennifer Hudson Family Murders On October 24, 2008, the bodies of Academy Award-winning actress Jennifer Hudsons mother and brother were found in the familys home on Chicagos South Side. Shot to death were Hudsons mother, Darnell Donerson, and her brother, Jason Hudson. The Legal Troubles of Joe Francis Joe Francis, who has made millions from his Girls Gone Wild videos and magazines, has found himself entangled in legal trouble in civil and criminal courts on the state and federal levels. The Kobe Bryant Case Professional basketball star Kobe Bryant, 24, was charged with a single count of felony sexual assault against a 19-year-old woman at an exclusive spa where he was staying when he came to Colorado for knee surgery in the summer of 2003.

Increase in Economic Growth does not Necessarily Lead to an Increase Essay

Increase in Economic Growth does not Necessarily Lead to an Increase in Human Well-Being - Essay Example There are many definitions to the term economic growth; however, economists agree that economic growth refers to the growth in goods and services that a country produces over a period of time; this growth is measured in gross domestic product (GDP) (La Grandville, 2011, p536). GDP includes the goods and services that a country produces, that is to mean the personal expenditure of the people in the country added to the government expenditure and the net exports, which is the value of exports minus imports (Contanza, Hart, Posner and Talberth, 2009, 3). There have been various concerns by economists of how well GDP measures the well-being of individuals in a country with most of them arguing for differentiation between economic growth and economic well-being. This paper will therefore analyse critically the claim that an increase in levels of economic growth does not necessarily translate to increase in the well-being of individuals. The idea of well being of an individual can be eithe r objective or subjective. In the objective well-being, individuals use material goods that are measurable such as buying a new house or car among other material gains. However, economic growth is not usually associated with improved material well being because some of the factors that cause the economic growth also cause negative impacts in the society such as exploitation, environmental degradation or unequal spread of the wealth. GDP as a measure of well being of individuals’ measure the value of intermediate goods, which are not enjoyed by people rather they are used to produce other goods and services. In addition, the exclusion of military expenditure from GDP since there is no measurable output undermines the improvement in the quality of life that people enjoy due to military operations to secure the boarders of a country hence reducing criminal activities (D’acci, 2011, 49). The subjective well being of is the state of happiness that is usually brought about b y the enjoyment of the material wealth. In most of the instances, the subjective well-being, which is the psychological utility of the good that an individual has, is used to measure the variations in the objective well being of the individual. Research has found out that in some instances even with improves material wealth of a country, the happiness levels do not improve , however this claim has been refuted as in most instances the wealthier a country becomes the happier the residents are as wealth leads to increased levels of expressed happiness (Oswald ,1997, 1815). In addition, the levels of happiness that an increase in material wealth brings are usually attached to the social expectations and aspirations. Therefore even if economic growth increased the material wealth of an individual, the economic standards benchmark will rise, the individual will therefore remain at the same position or be worse off relative to the new economic standards and expectations which in return do es not making him any happier. In addition, the increase in employment that is brought about by economic growth does not necessarily lead to increased well being of an individual (Kenny, 1999, 6). Research conducted by the international labour organisation has showed that over 40% of workers are classified as poor, this happens when the employment increases without accompanying increase in productivity of each worker, it has been confirmed in East Asian countries such as Vietnam where increased levels of productivity among employees have led to reduction in poverty levels in the country. The idea that economic growth d

Product Innovation Charter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Product Innovation Charter - Assignment Example Every gate will have 'gate keepers' who will maintain the system in place; these people will also evaluate the condition of the product at that stage and whether the product meets all the criteria that are needed to pass the gatei. Only if the conditions are met, the gate keepers will allow the product to cross over. There could be more than one gate keeper for every gate. Every one of the gate keepers will be a specialist in the area of concern. For instance, for every gate the list of gate keepers will include the marketing person, a person from the production and customer support in addition to the other design department professionals. This is needed because the marketing person represents the problems in launching the product in the market; at the same time, the production person will let the designer know the problems that are faced at the time of productionii. Each one of them will have their own conditions for the product to pass through. The gate created at every stage is tuned for the product that has to pass through. Only those products that meet the criteria are allowed to pass through. This will ensure that the products created are up to the expectation and meet the marketing department's original needs. The following sections define every one of the stage in the process of development. The process of initiation is the commencement of the design co... They meet the needs of the end users and during the process they might get a better solution for the same problem and therefore, these people come up with the original idea creation and initiation of the concept. They are also the people who know whether there is a market for the product under questioniii. They know what are the types of customers that expect this requirement and how do they make use of these products. So they are right judges on the product marketability as well. This would be important reason for the initiation to start from the marketing department. Similarly, the customer support executives and professionals are the other set of people who come in touch with the customers and they are able to come up with new ideas and concepts that could satisfy the customer needs. The process of initiation would comprise of identifying an appropriate market opportunity. This has to include assessing the market for the product and the possible market share that the product might garner in when compared to the other products in the market that meet the needs of the customer. The new product idea and the product technology that will be employed should also be finalised at this stage. This will help in working out the possible options that the developer might have while designing and developing the product. The target user, his specific needs if any should also be identified. The target customer will decide on various other user needs such as operating language, specifications etc. The following marketing characteristics should be considered, ideally: 1. Market and the growth of the market. 2. The customer need the product is expected to meet. 3. Entry barriers 4. Competition and the advantages that the

Shakespeare skilfully weaves political Essay Example for Free

Shakespeare skilfully weaves political Essay Shakespeares aim in Act 1 is to establish Hamlet firmly as the pivotal character in the play What do you see as the importance of Act 1? Shakespeare does use Act 1 to introduce some important political and personal issues and themes to the audience. It is important that these are established in the first act so that the audience are aware not only of the political state of Denmark but also the state of the personal affairs of the main characters of the play. There is a lot of evidence to support this first statement concerning political themes and issues. The state of Denmark is immediately established as an unhealthy political body. This is commented upon by many characters, either directly something is rotten in the state of Denmark or as part of a general feeling of unwell I am sick at heart. This theme of political malaise is also shown through the behaviour of the King and Queen. According to Hamlet, they drink so much that other countries clepe [them] drunkards. Drinking alcohol excessively is unhealthy for the body and as Claudius and Gertrude represent the body politic of Denmark, this shows another sign of malaise and weakness of Denmark politically. The actions of the King and Queen offer another political issue as Claudius is not the rightful king of Denmark. He has usurped the rightful King by murder and has therefore gone against the will of God and only tragedy and ruin can come from the rein of this immoral king. We also learn in this act that Claudius is a hypocrite, Hamlet calls him smiling damned villain, and he proves himself to be an untrustworthy king. This is also shown through the behaviour of the citizens as the audience immediately get a strong sense of mistrust and unease from the first scene as there are cries of Whos there? Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself The presence of a ghost also reflects a sense of unease as Old Hamlet is stuck in purgatory and therefore cannot rest. Not only are political themes addressed in the first act but current political issues are raised as well. Shakespeare uses Claudius speech to update the audience on what is going on in Denmark. We understand there is a threat from Fortinbras who is seeking revenge against Denmark, but whether or not this is a serious threat we cannot tell as the King is not trustworthy. He makes the threat seem small and insignificant but other characters talk of preparation that point towards what would seem to be a war or some form of military action. An imminent war also supports the theme of political unrest and uncertainty. Personal issues and themes are raised as well in the first act. The most intriguing being the issue of Hamlets personal wellbeing. From the beginning he appears to be a very troubled individual, he starts his opening soliloquy with the line o that this too too sallied flesh would melt showing an incline towards suicidal feelings and depression-not without just cause though. He exists within a dysfunctional family unit and has just suffered the loss of his father for whom only he appears to be grieving for. He says in this act I do not set my life at a pins fee showing he has no value upon his own life. This points towards self destructive behaviour and as we learn he must seek to avenge his fathers murder, we wonder to what extremes he will go to. In this act we are also introduced to a lot of different characters and the relationships they have with each other. There is the forbidden, but passionate relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia. As to the nature of the relationship it appears that it is doomed as her brother and her father warn her against it. This could be because they know the intensity of it as her father talks about when the blood burns and blazes. It could be because Hamlet is a unpredictable character a puffed and reckless libertine and heir to the throne, and Ophelia is somewhat nai ve you speak like a green girl and therefore susceptible to him. It raises the issue and theme of love but at the same time tragedy as it appears doomed from the beginning. Another destructive relationship we see in Act 1 is that between Claudius and Gertrude. Together they are a pair of traitors, Hamlet calls Gertrude o most pernicious woman and Claudius is referred to, by Old Hamlet as that incestuous, that adulterous beast. Through their relationship the theme of betrayal is portrayed as they have both betrayed Old Hamlet by murdering him and through damned incest. As a result of this we learn of Hamlets broken relationship with his mother and the forced, false relationship with Claudius which reflects the on-going theme of appearance versus reality. There is also the personal issue of brotherly betrayal and going against nature, as it is described as unnatural, which is reminiscent of the biblical story of Cane and Abel. And also the devoted relationship between Hamlet and his father which is put to the test as Old Hamlet requests that Hamlet avenge his death. At first Hamlet is eager to do this Haste me to knowt that I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge but later views it as more of a burden The time is out of joint; O cursed spite that ever I was born to set it right but nevertheless feels it is his duty to his father. A similar devotion, tinged with sadness and disappointment is the relationship between Old Hamlet and Gertrude. Although it seems Gertrude has forgotten about Old Hamlet within a month, ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, she married it seems that Old Hamlet still has affections for her. He warns Hamlet taint not thy mind nor let thy soul contrive against thy mother aught showing that he does not wish Hamlet to hurt or alter his attitude towards his mother is his quest for revenge. Yet his disappointment and hurt is clear as he calls her my most seeming-virtuous Queen. In support of the second statement, Shakespeare also uses Act 1 to establish Hamlet firmly as the pivotal character in the play. He is immediately established as the character who has the ability to drive the plot. He is entrusted with a mission from his dead father and the audience are left at the end of Act1, anticipating what he will do. What happens in the rest of the play largely depends on Hamlets actions. He is the only character so far that the ghost talks to, which shows that Hamlet is an important character and a pivot in the play around which the plot and characters revolve. Not only is Hamlet central to the plot of the play, Shakespeare also uses him to characterise many themes and issues as he is an intriguing character with an added depth that other characters do not have, which is created through Shakespeares use of soliloquies. In act1 alone he has two soliloquies, which permit the audience insight into his personality and innermost thoughts. Yet despite this he still unreliable as he proves to be a mentally unstable character and his actions still provoke many questions. Through this, the theme of appearance versus reality and acting are explored through the character of Hamlet. His supposed ill mental health also represents the theme of sickness and disease that has already been established as a main theme, and of course the theme of madness. Hamlet is singled out through the use of visuals as well as he is the only one on stage wearing black while Claudius is giving his uplifting, motivating speech Good Hamlet, cast thy knighted colour off. This is to reflect Hamlet as being alone in his grief and mourning for his father which also raises the issue of family relationships. The fact that he is the true heir to the throne, and the rightful King of Denmark now that his father is dead, also puts Hamlet at the forefront of the play He is automatically in the centre of many themes that surround this issue of betrayal and revenge. Many relationships centre around Hamlet as well, as depicted in the earlier argument, and sub plots arise from this, for example the forbidden love of Hamlet and Ophelia. I think the importance of Act 1 is summarised by both these statements. Political and personal themes and issues are raised and affirmed and so is the character of Hamlet. Shakespeare does this to introduce the tragic tone of the play and introduce important issues and themes. The main plot of revenge is also established in Act 1, as are the sub plots like the relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet and the threat of war or attack from Fortinbras. Characters are established and now that the audience are aware of all this, they are able to follow the action that ensues in the remainder of the play.

Continuing Male Dominance in Relationships :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

The issue of the supposed dominance of men over women in society has generated cemented opinions and heated controversy. Proponents of sexual equality point to the leveling of educational and vocational opportunities between the sexes as proof that women have become equals to men, such as the recent fad of working moms and stay-at-home dads. Moreover, they highlight the power and status of women in professional fields and government, such as former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and former Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In addition, fans of female progress celebrate the successful establishment of women's sports leagues, such as the hyped WNBA, or Women's National Basketball Association, and the implementation of women's weightlifting in the Olympic Games on par with men. While advocates of women's power in society assert that the opportunity, status, and athletic parity available to women prove complete sexual equality, these arguments, while valid in some aspects, fail to analyze or take into account the balance of power in cross-sexual relationships. Although women may deserve and share equal roles with men in society, their accomplishments remain insubstantial because they have a right to the opportunities they take advantage of and the roles they occupy. Granted, as human beings women should possess the same rights that men do as a matter of fairness and justice. As a result, in society women deserve sexual equality. Nevertheless, justice or fairness of opportunity cannot govern the balance of power in relationships between men and women because these relationships are private and out of the reach of government, law, and probing society (except for celebrity unions decimated by The Inquirer). Therefore, progressive sexual equality has left these relationships untouched and undisturbed from their natural origins like technology has left the New Zealand aborigines unchanged. Thus, the presence of sexual equality represents a figurehead or inevitable truth given by men to women as part of a larger compromise that allows men to ret ain their superiority in relationships. Although society has reached an equilibrium concerning sexual differences, the scales of relationships between men and women tip themselves increasingly in the favor of men as they age. Starting from the days of childhood and adolescence, males begin to establish the upper hand in relationships with women. When a young group of neighborhood playmates converge, they never vote a girl as "captain" or "commander." In the movie The Little Rascals, for example, the young gang accepts the tough Spanky as their leader, not any of the girls.

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy Essay

1.Define presidential doctrine and summarize the regional or global events during the Cold War leading up to the formation of the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1. 2.Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between the country you selected and the U.S. before the presidential doctrine was announced. 3.Describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and the country you selected in section (2) above. 4.Describe the effect that the presidential doctrine has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War. 5.Assess whether or not the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1 doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced. 6.Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources. To help you understand this assignment further, the following description and examples may be useful. Step 1: Define doctrine and identify why a president would want to announce one. A doctrine is an ideological platform that a president uses to advance a policy towards a country or region in order to accomplish foreign policy goals for the United States, so you will need to expand on this theme. Refer back to Assignment 1, and build on whatever doctrine you wrote about then. Say, for example, you selected the Truman Doctrine. Therefore, this is the only thing you will write about in Assignment 2 step 1. Step 2: Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between it and the U.S. Before the presidential doctrine was announced. In the case of Truman, you would pick either the Soviet Union, Greece, or Iran, since all three were affected by his doctrine. If you are writing about the Eisenhower Doctrine, you would choose Lebanon or Egypt; if you wrote about the Kennedy Doctrine, you would have write about Cuba or Vietnam; if your wrote about the Nixon Doctrine,  you would choose either Vietnam, Saudi Arabia or Iran; if you chose Carter, you would select either Iran or Afghanistan; and if you wrote about the Reagan Doctrine, you would select Nicaragua, Angola, Russia or Afghanistan (although there were several others). Step 3: Describe what effect the presidential doctrine you chose has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War. That is, how did the doctrine change the status quo regionally or globally after it was announced by the U.S.? What happened in Western Europe after the Truman Doctrine was announced? What happened in the Middle East after the Eisenhower Doctrine was announced? What happened with Cuba or Vietnam after Kennedy offered up his doctrine of flexible response? What happened in Southeast Asia or the Persian Gulf after the Nixon Doctrine went in effect? What happened in the Middle East after the Carter Doctrine was announced? What happened in Central America or Africa or the Middle East after Reagan announced his doctrine? Step 4: Refer back to the country you selected in step two and describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and that country. How has the relationship changed between the U.S. and that country since the doctrine was announced? Step 5: Evaluate whether or not the presidential doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the one country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced. Your assignment must: †¢Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. †¢Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: †¢Identify the cultural, economic, and political context of information resources, and interpret information in light of that context. †¢Use technology and information resources to research issues in international problems. †¢Write clearly and concisely about international problems using proper writing mechanics.

Layers of the Earth Essay

The Crust is the first and upper most layer of the Earth. There is Continental Crust which sits on top of Oceanic Crust. This layer is made frequently from granite rocks and is solid. Continental Crust is approximately 32km. Below the Continental Crust is Oceanic Crust. It is about 8km. This part of the Crust is made from basalt rocks. The Crust is most of lithosphere and is the coolest layer by far. Mantle is like silly putty consistency. It is the largest layer of Earth sitting under the Crust. It is made roughly from silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium. The layer is composed almost entirely of magma – molten rock inside the earth. The mantle is about 2,900km thick. The mantle gets warmer with depth; the top of the mantle is about 870Â ° C, headed for the bottom of the mantle, the temperature is about 2,200-3,700Â ° C. Outer Core is the third layer. This level is basically liquid. Most of this layer is made from liquid nickel and iron. Outer Core is about 2,200km thick. The temperature of the Outer Core is 4000-5000Â °C. Inner Core is the fourth layer of the Earth. The thickness of the Inner Core is 1,250km and mainly consists of iron, nickel and some lighter elements (probably sulphur, carbon, oxygen, silicon and potassium. The temperature in the inner core is about 5000-6000Â °C, it is the hottest layer of the Earth. Because of the high pressure, the core is solid. If a person were to travel that deep, they would burn up with in the Mantle before they ever came near the core. Even with a ship that could withstand the high temperature, it would be crushed by the great pressure.

Vibration White Finger Treatment and Prevention Options

Vibration White Finger Treatment and Prevention Options Vibration white finger,  or Raynauds disease, is also called hand-arm vibration syndrome and is a  repetitive stress injury  caused by exposure of the hands to vibrating equipment. Its a neurological injury and may be associated with pain, tingling, and numbness in the hands, a loss of sensitivity, and a decrease in grip strength. Fingers may become white and swollen when cold and then red and painful when rewarmed. If you have been diagnosed with vibration white finger or fear you might develop it, it is time to look at treatments and prevention. Vibration white finger is a cumulative disorder with no cure after you have developed it. However, the same measures you can take to prevent the disorder can help reduce the frequency and duration of white finger episodes. Other symptomatic treatments can ease your suffering as well. Cause of Vibration White Finger Tools that cause the vibration syndrome include jackhammers, angle grinders, chain saws, power lawn mowers, and like equipment, though vibrating electronic game controllers can also contribute. Episodes of vascular spasms that cause the white finger are usually triggered by exposure to cold or by contact with cold surfaces. Wet and damp conditions can also exacerbate the condition. Controlling the triggering cause can go a long way to reducing symptoms. Prevention If you use vibrating equipment on a regular basis, you are at risk for developing vibration white finger. Preventive measures can ward off this syndrome. Use sound ergonomic equipment that reduces vibration transference to the hands.Use vibration-absorbing gloves or pads. Gel padding is better than foam padding for protecting  your hands against vibration.Hold equipment loosely.Work in short durations with frequent breaks. Take at least one 10-minute break every hour.Keep your hands warm to keep blood flowing.Avoid smoking or taking drugs or substances that inhibit blood flow. Maintain a Healthy Body You need to stay healthy and fit. Maintain a healthy weight. Strong bodies are more resilient against the stressors that cause vibration white finger. Maintain good cardiovascular health. Good blood flow to the hands is crucial. Treatment Although vibration white finger has no known cure, some practices can alleviate the symptoms. Stop using vibrating equipment. The more you vibrate the affected area, the worse it will get.Stop smoking and the use of tobacco products. Tobacco makes the disorder worse.Caffeine and amphetamines can trigger bouts of vibration white finger. Remove these from your diet.Some prescription and over-the-counter drugs and supplements may trigger bouts as well if they restrict blood flow. Discuss possible drug interactions with your health care provider.Stay warm and avoid cold triggers.Exercise your hands and body to improve circulation.Keep your whole body warm outdoors in cold temperatures, to keep circulation moving to your extremities. Hand warmers and battery-warmed gloves may be useful.When a bout  of vibration syndrome occurs, warm the hands as fast as possible.Medication: Some medications do provide some effectiveness in treating vibration white finger. Talk to your doctor for more information.

Great Quotes From the Glass Menagerie

Great Quotes From the Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is often called a memory play. We learn about a small American family, that would probably be considered rather normal or everyman family. The play is also popular because there are autobiographical elements. Scene 1 In memory everything seems to happen to music. Tom Wingfield is speaking as narrator. Theres an interesting quality that seems to associate itself without memories. It sometimes feels as though we are watching the events unfold before us (on a stage) or watching a replayed movie- of someone elses life- thats been set to music. It doesnt always seem real. And, even if we know that it happened, theres that feeling that were all pawns in some huge, but very artificial menagerie. Yes, I have tricks in my pocket, I have things up my sleeve. But I am the opposite of a stage magician. He gives you illusion that has the appearance of truth. I give you truth in the pleasant disguise of illusion. Here, in Scene 1, Tom Wingfield is speaking as narrator. Hes one of the characters in the action of this play, but hes also a twist on the concept of a magician. Scene 2 Mother, when youre disappointed, you get that awful suffering look on your face, like the picture of Jesus mother in the museum. Laura Wingfield is talking to her mother (Amanda). The interplay could be described as a rather-typical mother-daughter interchange. I know so well what becomes of unmarried women who arent prepared to occupy a position. Ive seen such pitiful cases in the South- barely tolerated spinsters living upon the grudging patronage of sisters husband or brothers wife!- stuck away in some little mousetrap of a room- encouraged by one in-law to visit another- little birdlike women without any nest- eating the crust of humility all their life! Is that the future that weve mapped out for ourselves? Amanda Wingfield has tied herself into the fortunes (and futures- good and bad) of her children, which explains some of her manipulative mentality toward them. Why youre not crippled, you just have a little defect- hardly noticeable, even! When people have some slight disadvantage like that, they cultivate other things to make up for it- develop charm- and vivacity- and- charm! Note: Amanda Wingfield is manipulating her daughter, Laura. Girls that arent cut out for business careers usually wind up married to some nice man. Amanda Wingfield has learned that her daughter, Laura, has dropped out of business school. Scene 3 I took that horrible novel back to the library- yes! That hideous book by that insane Mr. Lawrence. I cannot control the output of diseased minds or people who cater to them- BUT I WONT ALLOW SUCH FILTH BROUGHT INTO MY HOUSE! No, no, no, no, no! Amanda Every time you come in yelling that Goddamn Rise and Shine! Rise and Shine! I say to myself, How lucky dead people are! But I get up. I go! For sixty-five dollars a month I give up all that I dream of doing and being ever! And you say self- selfs all I ever think of. Why, listen, if self is what I though of, Mother, Id be where he is GONE! Tom Scene 4 I know your ambitions do not lie in the warehouse, that like everybody in the whole wide world- youve had to- make sacrifices, but- Tom- Tom- lifes not easy, it calls for- Spartan endurance! Amanda Man is by instinct a lover, a hunter, a fighter, and none of those instincts are given much play at the warehouse! Tom as he argues with his mother Amanda about his career This was the compensation for lives that passed like mine, without any change or adventure. Adventure and change were imminent in this year. They were waiting around the corner for all these kids. Tom Scene 5 You are the only young man that I know of who ignores the fact that the future becomes the present, the present becomes the past, and the past turns into everlasting regret if you dont plan for it! Amanda to Tom No girl can do worse than put herself at the mercy of a handsome appearance. The Glass Menagerie Amanda, referring to the bad choice she made in marrying a handsome man, Scene 5. She lives in a world of her own- a world of- little glass ornaments. Tom, about Laura. Scene 6 He was shooting with such velocity through his adolescence that you would logically expect him to arrive at nothing short of the White House by the time he was thirty. Toms impressions of Jim OConnor when they were both in high school All pretty girls are a trap, a pretty trap, and men expect them to be. This is a perfect representation of a modernist perspective on marriage and relationships. Amanda is trying to make her daughter, Laura, as attractive as possible. Its jaded and does not seem to have the idea of love as part of the equation. People go to the movies instead of moving! Hollywood characters are supposed to have all the adventures for everybody in America, while everybody in America sits in a dark room and watches them have them! Yes, until theres a war. Thats when adventure becomes available to the masses. Tom I know I seem dreamy, but inside- well, Im boiling! Whenever I pick up a shoe, I shudder a little thinking how short life is and what I am doing! Whatever that means, I know it doesnt mean shoes - except as something to wear on a travelers feet! Tom All of my gentlemen callers were sons of planters and so of course I assumed that I would be married to one and raise my family on a large piece of land with plenty of servants. But man proposes- and woman accepts the proposal! To vary that old, old saying a bit-I married no planter! I married a man who worked for the telephone company! This is an example of Amanda, and her brand of Southern-belle sentimentality and charm- high in volume and heavy on the flourish. Scene 7 People are not so dreadful when you get to know them. Jim is giving his sister words-of-wisdom (to help with shyness). You think of yourself as having the only problems, as being the only one who is disappointed. But just look around you and you will see lots of people as disappointed as you are. Jim to Laura I believe in the future of television! I wish to be ready to go up right along with it. Therefore Im planning to get in on the ground floor. In fact Ive already made the right connections and all that remains is for the industry itself to get under way! Full steam- Knowledge- Zzzzzp! Money- Zzzzzp!- Power! Thats the cycle democracy is built on. Jim Most of them are little animals made out of glass, the tiniest little animals in the world. Mother calls them a glass menagerie! Heres an example of one, if youd like to see it! ... Oh, be careful- if you breathe, it breaks! ... Hold him over the light, he loves the light! You see how the light shines through him? This is part of the interaction between Laura and Jim, who accidentally bumps the table (while they are dancing). The glass unicorn breaks. Glass breaks so easily. No matter how careful you are. Laura is talking to Jim, but its an ironic reference to Laura (and to her whole family). They are all fragile, and will break apart. I wish that you were my sister. Id teach you to have some confidence in yourself. The different people are not like other people, but being different is nothing to be ashamed of. Because other people are not such wonderful people. Theyre one hundred times one thousand. Youre one times one! They walk all over the earth. You just stay here. Theyre common as- weeds, but- you- well, youre- Blue Roses! Jim is talking to Laura Things have a way of turning out so badly. Amanda is being her ole pessimistic self, thinking the worst in every situation! You dont know things anywhere! You live in a dream; you manufacture illusions! Amanda is criticizing Tom yet again. In reality, he has a better, more firm, grasp of reality than she does. She exists in a glass menagerie of her own making, and wants to control every aspect of it. Thats right, now that youve had us make such fools of ourselves. The effort, the preparations, all the expense! The new floor lamp, the rug, the clothes for Laura! all for what? To entertain some other girls fiancà ©! Go to the movies, go! Dont think about us, a mother deserted, an unmarried sister whos crippled and has no job! Dont let anything interfere with your selfish pleasure I just go, go, go- to the movies! Amanda I didnt go to the moon, I went much further- for time is the longest distance between two places. Tom I left Saint Louis. I descended the steps of this fire escape for a last time and followed, from then on, in my fathers footsteps, attempting to find in motion what was lost in space. . . . I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something. . . . I pass the lighted window of a shop where perfume is sold. The window is filled with pieces of colored glass, tiny transparent bottles in delicate colors, like bits of a shattered rainbow. Then all at once my sister touches my shoulder. I turn around and look into her eyes. Oh, Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be! I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the nearest stranger- anything that can blow your candles out!- for nowadays the world is lit by lightning! Blow out your candles Laura- and so goodbye. This is the closing scene in the play. Tom is giving an update on what has happened in his life, in the intervening years.

Student's Musical Experience in the EKU Center Essay - 2

Student's Musical Experience in the EKU Center - Essay Example One song the reporter chooses is â€Å"Shortcut Home† by Dana Wilson composed in 1946. The tempo was very fast with a strong influence of the brass instruments. Heavy percussion was included. The tune then switched to something a little softer but then picked up speed again. It continued to go back and forth but the underlying tempo maintained a fast speed while some of the other instrument sections played over the top of it. The end was very powerful and most of the time it was played very loudly. Toward the end, the song had a sinister twist. There was more use of bells and the triangle at the end. â€Å"Shortcut Home† is a fanfare style song and each ensemble had its own special portion where it was featured within the song. The style was made of several different jazz styles. The music is profound in some areas and cascades until the final C Major chord. Hearing this song in person versus hearing songs in class was very arousing. There was just a vision that he coul d associate with how it made me feel. Since it is called â€Å"Shortcut Home† I think that it is a piece about someone who is frantic to get home and all of a sudden they find a shortcut, go scurrying, and then, at last, they are at home. The other song he chooses is â€Å"Cloudburst† by Eric Whitacre in 1970. It was interesting because it had audience participation. The music started out with the horns blaring at a slow pace, followed by woodwinds and then a short brief silence until all of the ensembles came together to perform. The sound of the cymbals would lead the first section to a climax. Then it was almost a dark thundercloud was lingering as the deeper brass instruments began to play their low haunting tune. Based on the slow tempo and the crashing cymbals, the reporter thinks that â€Å"Cloudburst† was about a thunderstorm. It was very soft and mellow at many points and then there would be a light crashing of the cymbals again.

CA Proposition 209 -Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CA Proposition 209 -Affirmative Action - Essay Example Following the 1995 Supreme Court verdict controlled granting of contracts on the basis of gender and race, Clinton promised to ‘mend not end’ affirmative action. The Clinton government, in May 1995, disclosed a new strategy of granting government contracts (Frankel 435). The strategy ends ethnic/racial preferences in areas where the underprivileged are common, though, maintains them in areas where discrimination continues. Marginalized groups and other economically deprived business owners comprise of 6.6 percent of all central government’s contracts for both goods and services. Seemingly not contended with Clinton’s suggestion, House Republicans formulated a more extensive bill to prohibit preferences in the entire federal contracts and hiring. The bill, inaugurated by discontented Democrats as the 1997 Equal Opportunity Repeal Act, endorsed the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitutional matters in July. The debate on affirmative action took center sta ge when the President promised to make advanced relationships between races/ethnic groups a top precedence in his second rule. The Prop 209’s opponents filed a claim in 2010 in the federal court to challenge the requirements of Prop 209 by permitting the University of California to apply Affirmative Action principles in its admissions assessments, as it was applied before the endorsement of Proposition 209 in 1996. A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit voted to support Proposition 209 on April 2, 2012. The similar federal appeals courts had earlier upheld the Prop 209. The claim that resulted into the April 2012 verdict had asserted that a new decision was needed by new proof demonstrating that in the years following the endorsement of Proposition 209, underprivileged admissions to California’s most esteemed universities declined. In the wake of the approval of Proposition 209, debate persisted in the interest of or necessity for affirm ative action at the colleges in California. As lately as 2010, Joe R. Hicks and David A. Lehrer who sustained Prop 209 in 1996, contended that statistics regarding racial composition of admissions at the University of California illustrated that partisan admissions actions were not essential to bring about multiplicity (Laird 133)). Whereas it is somewhat early to evaluate the long-standing impacts on women of stopping California’s affirmative action, various predictions can be drawn. Post-secondary learning chances will possibly undergo the minimal effect; women are attending schools and graduating from colleges in huge numbers compared to their male counterparts. However, the women who are poised to suffer from this gender and race predilections are the African Americans and Latino women; because of much of institutional remains of a race other than gender discrimination. The subject of affirmative action has been vastly discordant; opponents of this proposition hold the no ble-sounding oratory of color-blindness and uphold that it is incorrect for an individual to miss out on something important exclusively because of one’s race/ethnicity.  Ã‚  

Group portfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Group portfolio - Research Paper Example One of the core values that Haier has is the rights and wrongs sense in which the product users are always right while the company need to improve itself2. The value acts as a motivator, hence forming values for customers. Therefore, the firm’s employees work their best to meet the customer’s requirements in addition to generating a wide variety of choices that they can choose from. The workforce has a mind-set, whereby, they feel the need to persistently advance themselves, which they perceive to be the only way they can continually refuse, dare and outdo themselves to realize triumph through establishment of innovation out of change. The organization, in addition, has an adaptive culture that has led to its growth, whereby, it maintains its pace with the social growth as well as remains in case of any world changes. Its innovativeness as well as the entrepreneurship character enables the firm to uphold a competitive benefit in the ever-changing market. That is to say, the more radical the world changes the quicker the speed of customer’s variation, hence, the more lasting the inheritance turns out to be3. In addition, the organization has employed the concept of two spirits, innovation and entrepreneurship, which is considered to be the gene for the company’s consistent culture. The gene ensures that all members of the workforce maintain their value as well as aid them in their individual development. It is also mandated for every employee to have the entrepreneurship and innovation spirits. Entrepreneurship is considered to be the spirit of pioneering work in which the company persuades all employees to have it4. They are encouraged to transform from being supervised and instead become their own managers. On the other hand, innovation specializes on creation of new value, which is majorly generated from creation of new product users. Lastly, the interest theory of â€Å"win-win model

Overview Of Colgate Palmolive Company

Overview Of Colgate Palmolive Company Colgate Palmolive, a company where its headquarters is in New York operates in the business of care within the consumer goods industry. In an Annual Report released by Colgate Palmolive Company (2010), it is reported that the company is a $ 15.6 billion global company serving people in more than 200 countries and territories with consumer products that makes life healthier and more enjoyable. The core businesses of this company are Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care and Pet Nutrition. Among some of the worlds most recognized household brands produced by Colgate Palmolive Company are Colgate, Mennen, Palmolive, Ajax, Softsoap, and Hills Pet Nutrition. Colgates business strategy is to Win on the Ground by focusing on its three core strategies: Driving Growth, Funding the Growth and Making Colgate the Best Place to Work. Its corporate values of Caring, Global Teamwork and Continuous Improvement acts as the foundation for its business strategy and are reflected in the way the company conducts its business worldwide (Colgate World of Care, n.d.). Colgate Palmolive Corporate Structure Led by its current Chief Executive Officer and President, Mr. Ian Cook, Colgate Palmolive Company is staffed with a team of talented and dedicated employees. The companys corporate structure has been assumed to be shown in Appendix 1. Streaming in to the Global Information Technology (GIT) organization itself, this organization is divided into three main sub functions which are Global Development, Enterprise Center and Shared Services Organization. The Shared Services Organization is further divided into four main divisions which are Global, Americas, Euro Americas and Asia Pacific. Colgate Palmolive Malaysia, founded in 1957 where the company office and plant is located in Petaling Jaya is supported by Asia Pacific division which is better known as Asia Pacific Shared Organization (APSSO). APSSO serves approximately 3500 employees in terms of Information Technology and its infrastructure in over 35 manufacturing sites throughout the Greater Asia and South Pacific division. Colgate-Palmolive Business Strategy and Relationship with Business Entity The main mission of Global Information Technology which is also cascaded down to APSSO is to operate on the same system, providing the same information to ensure the same performance and processes throughout the Colgate Palmolive Companys global operations worldwide. To achieve this mission, APSSO focuses on a 5 years strategy plan which is driven by a grid like Casita. This grid is derived from a stringent process which priorities the projects according to the GITs mandates of Performance, Reliability and Regulatory, Utilization, GIT Grid Strategic Portfolio and Global Projects. The Global Information Technology partners five global external entities to ensure the success of its businesses. Colgate partners one of the worlds most renowned enterprise software developers, SAP. Aside from SAP, Colgate partners IBM and Lenovo for providing the company computer hardware, Verizon for networking and telecommunications, CISCO for LAN equipments, Wipro for consulting and resource management as well as Comvault for data management and storage. The details of Colgate Palmolive infrastructure will be discussed in Part 2: IT infrastructure: Issues and Challenges. Colgate Palmolive specifically in Malaysia does not partner any government entities for its IT infrastructure. The homepage URL of the Colgate Palmolive Company is http://www.colgate.com. Part 2: IT Infrastructure: Issues Challenges 2.1 Colgates IT Infrastructure Information technology infrastructure today is composed of seven major components (Laudon Laudon, page 203) and Colgate is not exceptional in investing in a comprehensive array of hardware software to help with its daily operations. The below is a list of IT infrastructure that Colgate is currently having: 1) Computer Hardware Platforms. Colgates permanent employees are given laptops while temporary employees are provided with desktops. a) Laptop: Lenovo ThinkPad 410: Intel i5-520M, Intel QM57 Exp, 14.1 XGA, Intel HD Graphics, 160GB 7200rpm, 4GB (2x2GB), N6200 11a/b/g/n (22), 6 Cell. b) Desktop: Lenovo ThinkCentre M58p: Intel ® Core 2 Duo Processor E8400, 2GB, 160GB 7200RPM S-ATA HDD, PCI/PCIe SFF (23),Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 4500,DVD Rble, Intel Gigabit Ethernet. 2) Operating Systems: Colgate is currently using Windows XP Professional but they are planning to rollout Windows 7 Professional in the 4th quarter of 2011. 3) Enterprise Software: Colgate uses SAP R/3 Enterprise for virtually all its departmental business units. 4) Networking/Telecommunication: Colgate enlists Cisco Systems and Verizon Communications respectively as its business partners for their networking and telecommunications needs. 5) Consulting System Integration Services: Colgate recruits Wipro Technologies to assist with new technology building as well as managing new projects. 6) Data Management Storage: Colgate counts Commvault as its business partner to manage its data management and storage. 7) Internet Platform: Colgate uses Microsoft.net to support its website. It uses the 2.2 Issues and Challenges in the management of IT infrastructure Even though Colgate has a relatively stable IT infrastructure in place, there are bound to be issues and challenges that the organisation faces in the management of its IT infrastructure. One of the most prominent challenges would be to keep abreast with the technology advancement. As Moores Law suggests, the number of transistors on a chip roughly doubles every two years. (Moores Law, whitepaper from Intel). Colgate has a strict workflow when it comes to implementing new hardware, which includes going through the many layers of manual approvals from the upper management, most of them scattered throughout the globe. By the time IT department is ready to implement the new hardware, newer version would have already been introduced to the market. Security is also a major challenge for the IT department in Colgate. As with any multinational corporation, Colgate takes pride in their products secret formula, new product launches and confidential employees information. Hackers and PC infections are a big risk to the company. This is due to the many software that Colgate uses. Although each laptop and computers are linked together via the Colgate network, these software are independently installed into the computer, and this making it difficult for the IT department to monitor the health of each hardware. Another challenge is to manage Colgates business partners such as Cisco, Verizon, Wipro and Commvault. As the business partners are vital to Colgates success in managing IT, they have to be exposed to Colgates culture and its ways of managing business. Perhaps the biggest challenge of all would be to manage the internal cost. The IT department is given a budget of 1.5% of net sales for software hardware acquisition, installation, training, support and maintenance. This budget also includes downtime as well as space and energy needed to keep the technology running. IT has to play its role in maintaining Colgate to be the leading consumer products company in the world. The above IT infrastructure has be to integrated seamlessly in the running of daily business activities, and this would require the IT department to be the ultimate business partner to Colgate worldwide. Part 3: Cloud Computing and its business benefits and costs 3.1 Overview of cloud computing Cloud computing is defined as a model of computing where firms and individuals obtain computing power and software applications over the Internet, rather than purchasing their own hardware and software (Loudon Loudon 2010, p. 196). The five essential characteristics of cloud computing are assumed in Figure 1 (Mell Grance 2011) On-Demand Self Service The on-demand self-service characteristic of cloud computing allows employee to use cloud computing without human interference with the cloud provider. Employees can login in the network by keying in a unique password given to them. Broad Network Access Ubiquitous network access is available to employees via cloud computing. The network can be access by all employees through a standard mechanism. Employee would only need to key in their password and once the system authenticates it, employee can access to all resources available in the network. Resource Pooling Resource pooling allows employees to access cloud computing without having to bind to location where they are. All employees within the Colgate world would be able to access the same database and same network from even their homes. This is also a step taken to encouraged employees to strike work life balance in their workplace. Rapid Elasticity Cloud computing promises elasticity where resources can be scaled both up and down as required. This will allow standardization and for Global Information Technology to achieve its mission of operating on the same system, have the same information for all its employees, which in turn ensures the same performance and processes throughout the Colgate world. Measured Service The number of employees accessing the service is measured and monitored to ensure that the cloud is able to optimize its service and to sustain the agreed service level for all employees. Figure 1: The five essential characteristics of cloud computing There are three main types of cloud computing which are public clouds, private clouds and hybrid clouds. Public clouds are usually operated by a third party company where more than one party or customer can be mixed together and can access the servers or storage system at once. Private clouds are usually on demand infrastructure owned by a single customer who controls the applications run On the other hand, hybrid clouds are the combination of both public and private cloud models which usually offers high sustainable on-demand and externally provisioned scale however adds complexity to the distribution of applications throughout the different networks (Isse 2010, pg 18). 3.2 Current trends in cloud computing In a cloud computing survey done in 17 countries in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific by Kelton Research in 2009, the results shows that technology is used to cut cost in 54% of the companies surveyed. One of the technologies discussed was cloud computing which allows companies to quickly react to market conditions and competitors. By having cloud computing, companies can use this ability to immediately tap computing power and software which in turn help company focus on its core business. 99% of its respondent also claimed that they are discussing or implementing public and private cloud computing solutions. 3.3 Benefits of cloud computing Information Weeks Thomas Claborn reported (Calburn, 2008) on a presentation by Thomas E. Hogan, senior vice president at Hewlett-Pakard, at the 2008 Cloud Summit Conference: Some 87 billion emails are drafted per day around the globe, the digital universe doubles every 18 months, and the number of network-attached storage devices double every two years, he said. Yet, some 80 percent to 85 percent of IT budgets goes to operational maintenance. ..Cloud computing promises to help IT organisations dial back maintenance cost so they can spend on creating business values. To ensure sustainability and competitiveness of Colgates business, cloud computing can be an option to reduce cost, maintenance complexity and ease of management. Among some other of the benefits of cloud computing are discussed as below. Availability of standardized data Cloud computing plays a vital role in ensuring that Global Information Technology achieves its goal to providing the same information at the same speed to Colgates entire employee. This allows managers to make decision based on the same set of data irregardless of where they are located. It also ensures data integrity and allows more decision collaboration between countries as they have access to all sets of data. Business Agility Cloud computing allows managers to have access to data anywhere at any time. The benefit of cloud computing not being device and location dependence allows managers to make faster decisions to gain competitive advantage by responding rapidly and reducing time to market. IT efficiency Cloud computing increases the efficiency and allows ease of management of information technology. For instance when they is a need for a system upgrade, cloud computing allows managers to push the updates at the backend through the server and all employees will receive the auto run update at the same time. This reduces time of IT personnel to individually install updates on each computer, ensures that all computers has been upgraded simultaneously and increases efficiency as updates need not be bonded by boundaries and time zone. Implementation of one system for all concept The implementation of cloud computing allows standardization in term of systems processes and speed. This will reduce the maintenance cost, ensures data security and provides every employee an equal opportunity to obtain data to make quality decisions. For example, an employee in India will be using the same system as an employee in Russia. This facilitates knowledge sharing among employees and also transfers of talent throughout the Colgate world. It allows our global customer (ie: Tesco, Carrefour) to make business decisions on a global basis based on the availability of standardized data and the way of doing business with Colgate. 3.4 Cost of implementation of cloud computing It is crucial to determine the return of invest and total costs of ownership to senior management before being able to influence them to make decisions on whether or not an organisation should invest in the system/infrastructure. The total costs of ownership looks into nine areas which are: Hardware acquisition The cost for purchasing of computing power might be higher at the initial stage when setting cloud computing however the return of investment in the long run might justify the initial investment. Software acquisition The licensing for software used within Colgate might decrease if the company decides to subscribe to Software as a Service (SaaS) applications such as Salesforce.com. SaaS applications allow users to pay as they use. This decreases cost of purchasing licensing for the whole package of software but employees only use partial applications within the package. Installation Installation cost remain constant with or without cloud computing. Colgate advocates providing the same infrastructure and computing power in terms of both hardware and software for all its employees. Training Trainings for implementation of cloud computing can be done via three methods. Firstly, the company can deploy collaboration tools to allow virtual training. Secondly, training can be deliver via an online knowledge portal (ElementK) which the company has subscribed to and lastly via classroom trainings for more technical personnel. The cost of training (in terms of travel) can be minimized by having power users within subsidiaries of Colgate to train employees of their own division. Support The implementation of cloud computing allows a standardized support of IT employee for every employee. By having a standardized system and processes, IT employees now need not have different sets of manual to provide differing system support. Maintenance Cloud computing eases the maintenance of systems and upgrading of both hardware and software. By implementing cloud computing, all upgrades can now be push from the backend of servers to each computer. Infrastructure Investment in specialized equipment and network at the initial stage is required. However the yield in the long run surpasses the cost of initial investment made. It also allows business to replough back the cost used to maintain IT systems to the core of its businesses after the implementation of cloud computing. Downtime The downtime of servers that support cloud computing can be managed internally. Although downtime cannot be eliminated, it can be minimized to ensure minimal disruption to the business. Downtime can be planned and communicated to employees at earlier so that employees can plan their work accordingly. Space and energy Part 4: Recommendations of cloud computing adoption/adaption Based on the issues and challenges that have been discussed in Part 2, it is vital that Colgate adopts a technology that will enable the company to move forward in the era of information technology. However, due to sensitive and confidential information that Colgate has to protect, they are not able to outsource to external providers such as Salesforce.com. Hence, it is recommended that Colgate invests in a private cloud which only employees of the organization can access, with the option of having their business partners obtaining a certain amount of information from the cloud. With the use of the cloud, the IT department will no longer need to go through the manual layers of approvals needed to implement new technologies. By creating an approval system that links to the email system, approvers will need to simply login into the cloud to sanction the requests, regardless of time zone and location once they receive email notifications. This will further simplify the approval process and the IT department will be able to rollout new technologies, thus enabling Colgate to be, if not in the forefront, at least keeping up with the latest technology compared to their competitors. Colgates IT departments objective is to have the same systems, same information, same processes and the same performance everywhere across the Colgate world. With the implementation of a cloud, a series of commonly used software can be stored in the cloud. Employees laptops and desktops will merely be terminals to access the cloud. Hence, using the method of single sign-on username and password, this would allow the IT department to have further security measures as well as enabling them to monitor the health status of each of the terminals. Business partners can be given limited access to the cloud, thus exposing them to Colgates workflow, processes and cultures. This in turn would assist them to understand how Colgate manages its business and how they are able to contribute more efficiently towards Colgates success. Cost has always been a challenge to most organisations. A resourceful firm can fully make use of a budget of 1.5% of net sales to stay ahead of competitors by investing in a cloud. As mentioned in Part 2, Colgate currently has independent software installed in each computer. By implementing a cloud, instead of having the IT personnel physically installing the software in each computer, which may take a few weeks, depending on the location of Colgate offices, they simply need to load or upgrade the software into the cloud, enabling employees to use the latest software within days, if not hours. On top of that, the cost of travelling for IT personnel to install these software will be very minimal. In line with business needs, the speed of change will be beneficial not only to Colgate, but also to their employees as they will be exposed to newer technologies/software in order to be more efficient in their daily tasks, thus reducing time needed for business to wait for processed information from the employees. Currently Colgate in every location around the globe has their own set of servers and data storage system within each subsidiary. With the implementation of a cloud, Colgate will only need to have these hardware investment and maintenance in one particular site only. IT departments can be much leaner, more efficient and more focused in their areas of expertise. Colgate has always been prudent in investing in any type of technology. The local IT department refers to a grid that lists the yearly initiatives that they will need to implement in every subsidiary. This grid consists of requests and is essentially an approved wish list from each business unit on implementing certain technologies within the department. Colgates business strategy to balance both technology and the demand from employees on the ground is important to achieve strategic goals. The yearly resource of 1.5% of net sales has always been the budget that the IT department has to adhere to. Given this allocation, the IT department has to be judicious in spending, balancing the business needs, keeping the current technology abreast with the market as well as being ahead of competitors.