Characteristics of Shakespeares History Plays

Many of Shakespeare’s plays have historical elements, but only certain plays are categorized as true Shakespeare histories. Works like Macbeth and Hamlet, for example, are historical in setting but are more correctly classified as Shakespearean tragedies. The same is true for the Roman plays (Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus), which all recall historical sources but are not technically history plays. So, if many plays seem historical but only a few truly are, what makes a Shakespeare history? Sources of Shakespeares History Plays Shakespeare pulled inspiration for his plays from a number of sources, but most of the English history plays are based on Raphael Holinsheds Chronicles. Shakespeare was known for borrowing heavily from earlier writers, and he was not alone in this. Holinsheds works, published in 1577 and 1587, were key references for Shakespeare and his contemporaries, including Christopher Marlowe. Were Shakespeares Histories Accurate? Not exactly. Even though they were a great inspiration for Shakespeare, Holinsheds works were not particularly historically accurate; instead, they are considered mostly fictional works of entertainment. However, this is only part of the reason why you shouldnt use Henry VIII to study for your history test. In writing the history plays, Shakespeare was not attempting to render an accurate picture of the past. Rather, he was writing for the entertainment of his theater audience and therefore molded historical events to suit their interests. If produced in the modern-day, Shakespeares (and Holinsheds) writings would probably be described as based on historical events with a disclaimer that they were edited for dramatic purposes. Common Features of the Shakespeare Histories The Shakespeare histories share a number of things in common. First, most are set in times of medieval English history. The Shakespeare histories dramatize the Hundred Years War with France, giving us the Henry Tetralogy, Richard II, Richard III, and King John—many of which feature the same characters at different ages. Second, in all his histories, Shakespeare provides social commentary through his characters and plots. Really, the history plays say more about Shakespeare’s own time than the medieval society in which they are set. For example, Shakespeare cast King Henry V as an everyman hero to exploit the growing sense of patriotism in England. Yet, his depiction of this character is not necessarily historically accurate. Theres not much evidence that Henry V had the rebellious youth that Shakespeare depicts, but the Bard wrote him that way to make his desired commentary. Social Class in Shakespeares  Histories Despite seeming to focus on the nobility, Shakespeares history plays often offer a view of society that cuts right across the class system. They present us with all kinds of characters, from lowly beggars to members of the monarchy, and it is not uncommon for characters from both ends of the social strata to play scenes together. Most memorable is Henry V and Falstaff, who turns up in a number of the history plays. What Are Shakespeares History Plays? Shakespeare wrote 10 histories. While these plays are distinct in subject matter, they are not in style. Unlike other plays than can be categorized into genres, the histories all provide an equal measure of tragedy and comedy. The 10 plays classified as histories are as follows: Henry IV, Part IHenry IV, Part IIHenry VHenry VI, Part IHenry VI, Part IIHenry VI, Part IIIHenry VIIIKing JohnRichard IIRichard III

The Human Relations Movement Of George Elton Mayo - 949 Words

Managers throughout history have been interested in studying ways to increase productivity. For example, Frederick Taylor began the movement of scientific management in the 1880’s. Scientific management looked to improve productivity through means of scientific analysis of worker’s tasks and work processes rather than the old â€Å"rule of thumb† (Taylor, 1914). Taylor believed that he could maximize worker efficiency and productivity through focusing on workers specific hand motions and patterns. After this period, beginning in about the 1930’s, managers looked to take productivity to yet another level by studying worker physiology and motivation. This new movement came to be known as the human relations movement. George Elton Mayo is credited with founding the human relations movement. Mayo conducted an experiment in the 1920’s and 1930’s know as the Hawthorne study. Two of the main aspects of the study centered around illumination in the work place and varying levels of break time and work hours (Wickstrà ¶m, 2000). The illumination study consisted of four different experiments over the course of three years. In each experiement, there was a control group and a study group. In the varying studies, the researchers experimented with varying levels of light and varying sequences of increasing and decreasing the level of light (â€Å"Hawthorne effect†). Throughout the experiments, researchers would often find patterns of increased productivity, leading them to believe that they hadShow MoreRelatedHuman Problems Of An Industrialized Civilization1460 Words   |  6 PagesElton Mayo was born in South Australia in 1880 and passed away in Guildford, Surrey in 1949. Elton was oriented to follow medicine but finally be a writer. He attained Bachelor degree with great honor, specializing philosophy and psychology and after that was granted Master degree by honor from University of Queensland. He used to play a role as a researcher and a psychologist as well on the committee serving the war at his university. Mayo dedicated a huge contribution to establishing the foundationRead MoreHuman Relation1698 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Relations Theory Introduction The Human Relations Theory of organization came in to existence in 1930s as a reaction to the classical approach to organizational analysis. This is because the classical theorists neglected the human factor in the organization. The Classical theorists took a mechanical view of organization and underemphasized the sociopsychological aspects of individual’s behaviour in organization. It is this critical failure of the classical theory that gave birth to the humanRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Life And Accomplishments1639 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham, his study of dominance and sexuality that was done with monkeys. In 1935 Maslow moved to Columbia University to work with Edward Thorndike. While working with Thorndike he was researching human sexuality. Maslow went to Brooklyn College in 1937 and was there to teach and continuing with his study of human sexuality for the next fourteen years. In 1947, he had had a heart attack, this lead him to leaving teaching and studying to recover . Abraham’s health returned in 1951, from 1951 to 1968 he wasRead MoreHistory of Management Thought - Elton Mayo1620 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION This essay covers the life and key contributions of Elton Mayo, a renowned figure in management science, and how his theories have made a significant impact in management today. BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE ELTON MAYO George Elton Mayo was born in Adelaide, Australia on 26th December 1880. Under heavy family influence, Mayo embarked on a course in medicine. However, he failed an examination which ended his chances of having a medical career. He went on to study philosophy and psychology at TheRead MoreClassical and Neo Classical Theories1300 Words   |  6 Pagestheories: Human Relations theory : Explains the modern advancement of Human Relations Management theory which takes into account human factors like the employer-employee relationship. Human relations theory is largely seen to have been born as a result of the Hawthorne experiments which Elton Mayo conducted at the Western Electrical Company. The important strand in the development of modern management was the increase in attention to the human factors, which has become known as the human relationsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Mayo with Taylor2312 Words   |  10 PagesSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THOUGHT (TAYLOR et al) WITH THOSE OF THE HUAMAN RELTIONS MOVEMENT (MAYO et al) WITH REGARD TO PEOPLE AT WORK. Frederick Winslow Taylor also known as F.W.Taylor and George Elton Mayo have given some important definitions to the management work in the past. F.W.Taylor the Father of Scientific Management opposed the rule of thumb and said that there is only ‘one best way of doing work’ where as Elton Mayo proposed that the importance of groups affects the behaviour of individualsRead MoreHistorical Development and Evolution of Management.996 Words   |  4 Pages. EARLY MANAGEMENT AND THE STUDY OF MANAGEMENT. Although great feats of human achievement such as the Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome and the Taj Mahal in India all bear testimony to skilled management in ancient times, the formal study of management only began late in the 19th century. The main driving force behind this development of management as a science was the transition from 19th century â€Å"entrepreneurial capitalism† to early 20th century â€Å"managerialRead MoreThe Theories Of The Scientific Management Theory1047 Words   |  5 Pagessome of the more popular management theories including the Scientific Management Theory by Frederick W. Taylor, Administrative Management Theory by Henri Fayol, Bureaucratic Management Theory by Max Weber, The Hawthorne Studies Human Relations Management Theory by Elton Mayo, the Management Science Theory, and the Organization Environment Theory of Open-Systems developed by Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn, and James Thompson. Scientific Management Theory Considered the father of management thought, FrederickRead MoreThe Implication of Hawthorne Study in 21st Century4408 Words   |  18 Pagesconflict, apathy, boredom, and wasted human resources. These concerns lead a number of researchers to examine the discrepancy between how an organisation was supposed to work versus how the workers actually behaved. In addition, factors like World War I, developments in psychology (e.g. Freud) and later the depression, all brought into question some of the basic assumptions of the Scientific Management School. One of the primary critics of the time, Elton Mayo, claimed that this ‘alienation’ stemmedRead MoreAre scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organisations of the 21st century?5670 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿ INTERGRATED BUSINESS Phase 3 Assignment Individual Essay Scientific Management and Human Relations Theory Lecturers : Ms.Nguyen Thu Thuy (Assoc.Prof.Dr) Mr.Hoang Anh Duy (MBA) Student name: Duong Viet Hoang Class: FB5B Student ID: 1205012124 Hanoi, March 2014 Table of content I. Introduction 1. Scientific management I.1 Definition

The Corporate Culture Between the Public and the Private Sectors Free Essays

The foundations to organize company’s personnel are different between the public and the private sectors. These may also be different from one country to another or from one company to another according to the organization, the context of evolution and its environment. And from these foundations and values that are shared by all staff, a corporate culture is set. We will write a custom essay sample on The Corporate Culture Between the Public and the Private Sectors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The corporate culture is a key variable to explain the daily life and strategic choices made by a social group. The corporate culture is in a sense, a product of national culture and therefore a set of values and signs shared by the majority of employees. Seen from the outside, all companies in a country are alike: workshops, warehouses, offices, constant movements of people and goods. Yet a detailed examination shows that no company is comparable to another, especially between public sector and private one, On the one hand there are for example statutes, recruitment through entrance exams and the automatic nature of salaries, and while on the other hand, there are for instance labour laws, individual goals expressed through contracts and the freedom to set pay scales, so each has its own personality, has a unique identity and image. This personality is forged around five themes: the status, recruitment, remuneration, the mindset of management and the environment in which the firm operates. One can see for example between a public sector company â€Å"assurance maladie† and a private company â€Å"axa†. Both operate in the same category of activity,  «assurance maladie † staff does not enjoy equal reassuring status than â€Å"axa† staff, the civil servant status is more securing than employee status. Even their recruitment are not the same, in the public sector recruitment is often done by concours what is not the case in the private sector. Another deference between the two sectors is shown in the system of remuneration, the latter is fixed by the state according to a pay scale with † assurance maladie † while in â€Å"axa† is set based on skills and level of responsibility added to motivations by objective system that is not the case in the private sector. The personality of a company also reflects the personality f its leaders, at â€Å"axa†, it is CEO who has a strong influence on the culture that the company wants to pass through goal setting and strategy of development. In assurance maladie even if it is managed by the state, each individual seeks to satisfy his need to belong without being dependent on the culture instilled by the state. In addition the public status of â€Å"assurance maladie † requires that it must be transparent about it s economic, financial or social situation which is not always the case with private businesses as â€Å"axa†. This lack of transparency oblige private company to suggest a human resources strategy that will seek to reconcile the interests of the company and the employees for a social peace, in order to show workers that they have an important place and an opportunity of promotion so they keep their motivation. The corporate culture is like a collection of complexes allowing each individual to identify with their organization. Facing an unstable environment and increasingly complex, firms seek to boost their human potential. The corporate culture seems to be a response to develop this potential. But we can still consider the fate of these concerns. The corporate culture, as strong as it is not eternal. Indeed the downsizing imposed to â€Å"axa† staff caused a sharp questioning of the culture because â€Å"axa† is shown as Paternalist Company that assured lifetime employment and high wages. If there there ‘s deference between â€Å"axa† corporate culture and † assurance maladie † culture is that it is also due to the model on which both businesses based, on one side â€Å"axa† being a private company that seeks to generate benefits inherited the U. S. management , in the other side model so that † assurance maladie † it follows the French model. The logical functional of American corporate culture is based on earnings so its organization is perceived primarily as a system of tasks, functions to perform and goals to achieve while in the business culture in France, the organization is designed primarily as a social system involving a community of people. How to cite The Corporate Culture Between the Public and the Private Sectors, Papers

Banking System and Macroeconomic Effects †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Banking System and Macroeconomic Effects. Answer: Introduction: Crypto currencies are forms of digital currency. These currencies use encryption techniques in order to regulate the generation of currency units. Bitcoin is one such crypto currency. Crypto currency is not yet considered as a legal tender in most countries. In fact, at present most of the central banks of the world are putting efforts to ban the trade of crypto currencies. Over the last few years, certain crypto currencies like Bitcoin have garnered immense attention from across different traders owing to their volatile nature. Bitcoin was introduced in the year 2009. The currency is traded without a middleman and with zero bank involvement. It is a peer to peer network through which this currency is traded and transactions are made directly to the parties. Bit coin can be used to trade in goods and services, some use it as a form of investment and some are using it for making payment of businesses (Popper, N., 2015). However, most countries have yet not accepted it as a legal payme nt methodology. It is similar to digital cash transaction as Bitcoin can also be sent through mobile applications and computers. Bitcoin is stored in a digital wallet. These wallets are used as a virtual bank account that allows users to save, send and receive their payments. These wallets are not recognised by the FDIC as methods of paying for goods or services. Bitcoin works as a medium of exchange for goods and services in four countries at the moment which are Japan, Canada, Germany and Holland. Bitcoin is considered to be a form of currency as it can be stored for future investments (Forrester and Solomon, 2013). Bitcoin investment of an individual can also reflect upon the purchasing power of consumer. Consumer have the option to buy the currency, hold it in their accounts or book profits as they deem profitable depending upon the volatility in the market (Bit coin, 2018). Merchants who accept Bit coin as a payment can convert it into standard currency that is in Dollars, Euros etc. Bitcoin has some advantages as it introduces a new payment mechanism; tipping system, automated payment solution, time locked payment management, public asset tracking, low trust escrow services, micro payment channels and more such facilities (Bit coin, 2018). Another advantage of Bitcoin is that its high volatility in the currency market makes it a high risk and high return asset. Exposure to Bitcoin currency leads to various scams and frauds in the economy. It does not have any standardised value for refunds. Bitcoin does not have a fixed value and the high volatility of the currency only makes it more susceptible to fluctuations. This breeds corruption and leads to frauds within economies. Values of Bit coin fluctuate very frequently making it difficult for people to use it as a medium of exchange. If a particular product is bought or sold in return for Bitcoin then it is impossible to get a fair deal to complete the transaction in the future. According to the central bank reviews, laundering of money is done secretly from the country using Bitcoin. Since Bitcoin is not considered to be a safe asset to deal in, various governments are not allowing investment in these types of crypto currencies. Bitcoin is extremely difficult to convert into a physical form of currency. At present conversion of Bitcoin to other currency does not happen in real time. Moreover, unlike other currencies, Bitcoin does not give its owners the convenience of withdrawing equivalent money from debit/credit cards or cheques. The use of Bitcoin has been banned by the government authorities in many countries and trade of the same is considered to be an illegal activity in nature. There is no defined regulatory body for operating the workings of these privately provided digital currencies so there is no supervision over the activities performed in these currencies. Investors have analysed a high risk involved with trading or dealing in Bitcoin making it a high risk investment. There is no particular market for these kinds of currencies. This lack of organised market for crypto currencies make them less trustworthy as compared to other assets. Crypto currency is operating in an informal way and this makes it difficult for investors to consider it a safe haven. The chances of fraud are much higher as there is no way to track this currency. Every individual can trade the currency using a public username. Extreme high volatility of the Bitcoin makes it impossible to use as a medium of exchange since it will never be possible to determine to the true value of exchange. Pegging any currency against the dollar refers to the act of fixing the currency value with respect to the value of Dollar. In other words we can say that the value of US dollar against the other currency is fixed and will not move irrespective of how the market functions. The process of pegging currency with US dollar is often conducted in oil extracting countries as US is the largest importer of oil. GCC economies are the third largest economy. The growth of this economy is highly dependent on selling oil (The Economist, 2018). By pegging the GCC against Dollar has several advantages and disadvantages. Elimination of currency fluctuations: Pegging of currency eliminates the risk of currency fluctuations and the risks associated with it. This provides stability to the currency in the international currency market. Pegging encourages the regional currency valuation as the dollar is considered to be the standard currency and by pegging with dollar, currency of other country does not fluctuate (Brooking, 2018). In countries like Saudi Arabia and Venezuela pegging with US dollar has been done in order to protect the countries from the risk of currency fluctuations because US is the major importer for oil. Various countries opt for pegging in order to increase external trade in the country. As external trade increases, the GDP of the country also increases. When pegging of a currency is done to a higher value currency then the value of the country enhances in the public opinion making it an attractive destination to invest. Therefore investment becomes easier in that country. This process also protect country from speculation Pegging also gives freedom to set rules and economic policies, interest rates and help to control inflation in the country. Therefore countries must peg their currencies to dollar in order to limit their risks. If a country currency is pegged with the US dollar then the country can take more loan as it will have a more stable environment and economy. Pegging also helps in getting better deals for international loans and interest rates provided the economys inflation is in control. The loan taken in the dollar value is harder to pay off because dollar has the high value as compared to the other currency. Therefore in the longer run, pegging would result in rising cost of capital and increased import prices (Espinoza and Prasad, 2010). Maintenance of USD reserves: The country which pegs its currency with the USD has to maintain a high reserve of dollars. It means central bank of that country has to hold a high amount of reserves in US dollars (Financial Times, 2018). Holding of foreign currency reserve (dollar) indulges a cost which adversely affects the economy. Pegging also leads to an increase in inflation. Growth and development of a country is dependent on the performance of dollar. Monetary policies are restricted in every country and are wholly dependent on the performance of the currency to which the currency is pegged. Similarly in the case of US dollar and countries pegged with it, it means that if the value of US dollar falls the currency of other country will also fall and vice versa. GCC countries whose currencies are pegged with dollar are now being forced to increase their interest rates mirroring the US interest rate increase. This is because once the currency is pegged to the dollar, monetary policies are decided by the action of Fed rather than the economys own needs. High interest rate means cost of borrowings on (debt, loans and so on) government, businesses and consumers will become more costly or expensive (The National, 2018). Tighter monetary policy will lead to low investment and saving in the economy. This is the reason countries do not prefer to peg their currency to dollar. This will ultimately hamper the macro and micro factors of economy. Nowadays countries prefer the flexible exchange rates rather than peg a currency with US dollar to know the real economic deviations in the countrys oil prices and other things (Tanha, and Dempsey, 2017). Pegging of currency damages the economy, trade, and lowers real income groups within the country in the longer run. Moreover, structural changes occur in the economy are not directly reflected through the pegging of currency. References: Bitcoin, 2018. Bit coin for developers. [Online]. Available at: https://Bit coin.org/en/Bit coin-for-developers [ACCESSED ON 30th march 2018] Bitcoin, 2018. Bit coin for individual. [Online]. Available at: https://Bit coin.org/en/Bit coin-for-individuals. [ACCESSED ON 30th march 2018] Brooking, (2018). Sustaining the GCC currency pegs: The need for collaboration. [Online]. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/research/sustaining-the-gcc-currency-pegs-the-need-for-collaboration/. [ACCESSED ON 31th march 2018] Espinoza, R.A. and Prasad, A., 2010.Nonperforming loans in the GCC banking system and their macroeconomic effects (No. 10-224). International Monetary Fund. Financial Times, 2018. Gulfs dollar peg makes sense. [Online]. Available at: https://www.eiu.com/industry/article/1725886356/will-the-gulf-co-operation-council-currency-pegs-survive/2017-09-13. [ACCESSED ON 31th march 2018] Forrester, D. and Solomon, M., 2013.Bitcoin explained: Today's complete guide to tomorrow's currency. CreateSpace Independent publishing platform. Popper, N., 2015.Digital gold: Bitcoin and the inside story of the misfits and millionaires trying to reinvent money(pp. 156-197). New York: Harper. Tanha, H. and Dempsey, M., 2017. Derivatives usage in emerging markets following the GFC: Evidence from the GCC countries.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,53(1), pp.170-179. The Economist, 2018. Financial Services. [Online]. Available at: https://www.eiu.com/industry/article/1725886356/will-the-gulf-co-operation-council-currency-pegs-survive/2017-09-13. [ACCESSED ON 30th march 2018]. The National, 2018. Why GCC states should ditch the dollar peg and switch to a currency basket. [Online]. Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/why-gcc-states-should-ditch-the-dollar-peg-and-switch-to-a-currency-basket-1.700668. [ACCESSED ON 31th march 2018]